PENEMUAN PIRAMIDA DI SEGITIGA BARMUDA

Belum lama ini, beberapa ilmuwan Amerika, Perancis dan negara lainnya pada saat melakukan survey di area dasar laut Segitiga Bermuda, Samudera Atlantik, menemukan sebuah piramida berdiri tegak di dasar laut yang tak pernah diketahui orang, berada dibawah ombak yang menggelora! Panjang sisi dasar piramida ini mencapai 300 meter, tingginya 200 meter, dan jarak ujung piramida ini dari permukaan laut sekitar 100 meter. Jika bicara tentang ukuran, piramida ini lebih besar skalanya dibandingkan dengan piramida Mesir kuno yang ada di darat. Di atas piramida terdapat dua buah lubang yang sangat besar, air laut dengan kecepatan tinggi melalui kedua lubang ini, dan oleh karena itu menggulung ombak yang mengamuk dengan membentuk pusaran raksasa yang membuat perairan disekitar ini menimbulkan ombak yang dahsyat menggelora dan halimun pada permukaan laut. Penemuan terbaru ini membuat para ilmuwan takjub.

Bagaimanakah orang dulu membangun piramida dan hidup didasar laut dengan lautnya yang gemuruh menggelora? Ada beberapa ilmuwan Barat yang berpendapat bahwa Piramida di dasar laut ini mungkin awalnya dibuat diatas daratan, lalu terjadi gempa bumi yang dahsyat, dan tenggelam ke dasar laut seiring dengan perubahan di darat. Ilmuwan lainnya berpendapat bahwa beberapa ratus tahun yang silam perairan di area Segitiga Bermuda mungkin pernah sebagai salah satu landasan aktivitas bangsa Atlantis, dan Piramida di dasar laut tersebut mungkin sebuah gudang pemasokan mereka. Ada juga yang curiga bahwa Piramida mungkin sebuah tanah suci yang khusus dilindungi oleh bangsa Atlantis pada tempat yang mempunyai sejenis kekuatan dan sifat khas energi kosmosnya, dia (Piramida) bisa menarik dan mengumpulkan sinar kosmos, medan energi atau energi gelombang lain yang belum diketahui.dan struktur pada bagian dalamnya mungkin adalah resonansi gelombang mikro, yang memiliki efek terhadap suatu benda dan menghimpun sumber energi lainnya.

Benarkah demikian? Master Li Hongzhi dalam buku Zhuan Falun mempunyai penjelasan tentang penemuan peradaban prasejarah sebagai berikut;

“Di atas bumi ada benua Asia, Eropa, Amerika Selatan, Amerika Utara, Oceania, Afrika dan benua Antartika, yang oleh ilmuwan geologi secara umum disebut ‘lempeng kontinental’. Sejak terbentuknya lempeng kontinental sampai seakrang, sudah ada sejarah puluhan juta tahun. Dapat dikatakan pula bahwa banyak daratan berasal dari dasar laut yang naik ke atas, ada juga banyak daratan yang tenggelam ke dasar laut, sejak kondisi ini stabil sampai keadaan sekarang , sudah bersejarah puluhan juta tahun. Namun dibanyak dasar laut, telah ditemukan sejumlah bangunan yang tinggi besar dengan pahatan yang sangat indah, dan bukan berasal dari warisan budaya umat manusia modern, jadi pasti bangunan yang telah dibuat sebelum ia tenggelam ke dasar laut.” Dipandang dari sudut ini, misteri asal mula Piramida dasar laut ini sudah dapat dipecahkan.

10 KOSTUM SEPAK BOLA LEGENDA

10 Kostum Sepakbola Legenda

10. Juventus, 1997
Kostum ini dipakai Juventus sebagai peringatan 100 tahun berdirinya La Vecchia Signora. Warna merah jambu (pink) dipakai karena warna itulah yang dipakai saat Juve pertama kali berdiri. Untungnya, saat memasukki abad ke-20, kostum hitam-putih mulai dipakai. Jika tidak, mungkin julukan Juventus kini menjadi Colore Rosa (pink) yang jauh lebih feminim.

9. Kroasia, 1996

Pada penampilan perdananya di turnamen besar, Kroasia langsung menggebrak dunia karena berhasil masuk hingga perempat-final Euro 1996 di Inggris. Bermaterikan beberapa pemain bekas tim juara Piala Dunia Yunior 1987, Kroasia hanya kalah dari Jerman, yang akhirnya menjadi juara, di Old Trafford. Kostum kotak-kotak merah-putih juga menjadi inovasi tersendiri dalam kejuaraan itu.

8. Ajax Amsterdam
Bagian vertikal merah di tengah dan diapit oleh putih di masing-masing sisi menjadi ciri khas tersendiri bagi raksasa Belanda ini. Mungkin hanya perubahan sponsor yang memberikan sentuhan berbeda yang tak signifikan untuk jersey yang unik tetapi sederhana ini.

Kostum kandang Ajax seperti yang dikenakan Edgar Davids sudah melegenda

7. Denmark, 1986
Kostum ini mendatangkan cukup banyak kontroversi, serupa seperti kemunculan tim Skandinavia ini. FIFA sempat ikut campur dalam masalah ini, karena bukan hanya baju yang separuh merah dan putih, tetapi juga celana. Akhirnya, celana pun berubah menjadi putih, tetapi prestasi Denmark di Piala Dunia Meksiko 1986 tetap luar biasa dengan mencatat nilai sempurna di babak grup termasuk dari tim kuat Jerman Barat, tetapi akhirnya dibantai Spanyol di 16 besar.

6. Real Madrid, 1960-an
Kejayaan Real Madrid pada era 1960-an di atas lapangan hijau, bukan hanya memberikan inspirasi dari permainan mereka di lapangan, tetapi juga dari kostum tim yang digunakan. Warna putih polos dan tak dirusak oleh motif ataupun logo dicontoh oleh banyak tim, termasuk Leeds United dan kini LA Galaxy.

5. Jorge Campos, 1990-an
Kiper Meksiko ini menjadi satu-satunya peserta individu yang masuk dalam daftar ini. Kiper eksentrik ini dikenal dengan kepiawaiannya di bawah mistar, dan lebih karena kostumnya yang unik. Campos dikenal sering merancang sendiri kostum yang dipakai. Meskipun terkadang aneh dan tak masuk akal sehat, tetapi keberaniannya untuk tampil beda patut diacungi jempol.

Inilah salah satu kostum kebanggaan Jorge Campos yang cenderung bercorak warna-warni

4. Glasgow Celtic, 1967
Selain sukses meraih gelar Liga Champions, Glasgow Celtic juga berhasil mencuri perhatian karena jersey yang digunakan. Celtic pernah menggunakan kostum tanpa nomor punggung! Nomor hanya terdapat di celana, hingga akhirnya UEFA meminta Celtic untuk memasang nomor di punggung mereka.

Garis hijau putih polos yang membawa Celtic juara Liga Champions ini tanpa dilengkapi nomor punggung

3. Belanda (Johan Cruyff), 1974
Masalah sponsor, serupa seperti yang terjadi terhadap pebasket Michael Jordan pada Olimpiade Barcelona 1992, ternyata juga terjadi di dunia sepakbola. Johan Cruyff menolak memakai tiga garis yang menghiasi kostum tim Oranye pada Piala Dunia 1974 karena ia memiliki kontrak pribadi dengan Puma. Sebagai solusi, akhirnya hanya ada dua garis pada kostum Cruyff. Selain itu, Cruyff juga ngotot mengenakan nomor punggung 14, meskipun saat itu Belanda mengatur nomor punggung berdasarkan abjad pemain.

Tampak jelas hanya terdapat dua garis hitam membujur di atas pundak dan lengan Cruyff serta nomor 14 pada celananya

2. Prancis, 1984 dan 1998
Kostum Les Bleus pada Piala Eropa 1984 punya makna tersendiri bagi rakyat Prancis. Saat itu, Michel Platini berhasil membawa Prancis juara Euro 1984. Saat menggelar Piala Dunia 1998, Prancis memutuskan mengenakan kostum serupa seperti yang digunakan Platini pada 1984 dengan harapan Zinedine Zidane dkk. berhasil menjadi juara. Harapan itu terkabul, dan Zidane mengikuti jejak Platini mengangkat piala bergengsi bagi Prancis dengan kostum serupa.

Seragam yang dipakai Zidane saat juara Piala Dunia 1998 ini mirip dengan yang digunakan Michel Platini

1. Indonesia, 1956
Salah satu prestasi terbaik timnas Indonesia antara lain adalah lolos ke Olimpiade Melbourne 1956, dan bahkan sempat menahan imbang tanpa gol Uni Soviet, sebelum akhirnya Uni Soviet berhasil menggilas Indonesia pada partai ulangan dan kemudian berhasil meraih medali emas. Kostum hijau putih konon menjadi salah satu kostum yang digunakan tim Merah Putih saat itu dan kemudian sempat dipakai hingga 1981. Setelah hilang lebih dari dua dasawarsa, unsur hijau kembali hadir untuk kostum Piala Asia 2007. Kostum untuk Piala Asia 2007 itu mendapat sambutan hangat karena pemasaran yang cukup gencar dan dijual bebas, tetapi sayang kemiripan warna itu tidak mencapai keberhasilan yang sama seperti Prancis. Tim PSSI mampu tampil cukup baik pada Piala Asia 2007, tetapi kemudian harus mengakui kehebatan raksasa Asia lain dan setelah itu Garuda kembali meredup.

PEDANG BERUSIA 2000 TAHUN

Pedang pusaka berusia 2000 tahun

Museum Provinsi Hubei, China, beberapa waktu lalu memamerkan pedang Goujian si penguasa Yue. “Pedang Nomer Wahid di Dunia” itu telah berusia 2.000 tahun lebih tapi masih tetap tajam dan tidak berkarat, namun yang dipertanyakan ialah bagaimana ia bisa muncul di dalam makam bangsawan Chu?

Sebenarnya ia sebagai hadiah perang Negara Chu ataukah berupa bawaan mas kimpoi selir penguasa Chu Shaowang? Semuanya masih serba misterius.

Usia 2.000 Tahun Masih Tajam dan Tak Berkarat
Menurut berita Hong.net, pada suatu senja Desember 1965, makam nomor 1 – Chu Gunung Jianglingwang – Provinsi Hubei sedang tegang-tegangnya dilakukan penggalian. Tatkala pekerja arkeologi dengan sangat hati-hati membuka peti mati si jenazah, secara tak terduga di sebelah kiri kerangka jenazah terlihat sebilah pedang perunggu yang masih terselip di dalam sarung pedang kayu yang dilapisi cat tersebut.

Pada saat si petugas mencabut pedang itu dari sarungnya, diiringi seberkas sinar dingin yang agak meyilaukan mata, semua orang di tempat itu terperangah. Seorang petugas lainnya begitu kurang hati-hati jarinya luka tergores dan darah mengalir seolah tak mau berhenti. Seorang petugas lainnya lagi mencoba ketajamannya dengan 16 lapis kertas, begitu menggunakan sedikit tenaga, tumpukan kertas itu semuanya robek terpotong.

Pedang perunggu kemilau tersebut memiliki ukuran: panjang 55,7 cm, lebar 4,6 cm, dan panjang gagangnya 8,4 cm, ujung gagangnya berbentuk lempengan bulat yang pada lingkaran dalamnya terdapat 11 lajur lingkaran dengan pahatan halus, halusnya sampai-sampai ada yang menyerupai sehelai rambut.

Sword Grid (bagian pelindung tangan antara pegangan dan pedang), sedikit menonjol keluar yang pada sisi depannya terpasang butiran-butiran kristal biru terbingkai batu turkis, meski di dalam kegelapan memancarkan sinar adem yang misterius. Pada tubuh pedang terdapat tekstur hitam berbentuk berlian yang luar biasa indah.

Yang paling menggembirakan para pakar adalah pada bagian pelindung tangan terdapat grafir 2 baris aksara bergaya Niaozhuan. Jumlah aksara itu ada 8 buah, pakar di lokasi situs kala itu hanya bisa mengungkap 6 aksara diantaranya yakni: “Yue Wang Zhi Zuo Yong Jian = pedang bikinan sendiri milik raja Yue”.

Wakil kepala bagian umum museum Provinsi Hubei, Wan Quanwen mengatakan, “Dua aksara di tengah yang menunjukkan nama orang, berdasarkan kajian berulang-ulang dari para ahli peneliti bahasa China kuno, baru terungkap itulah salah satu tokoh paling legendaris di dalam sejarah China yakni: Goujian (sang penguasa Yue)”.

Diperkirakan Kado Pernikahan

Bagaimana pedang Goujian si penguasa Yue mendarat di dalam makam Chu, misteri ini hingga sekarang belum bisa diungkap. Perkiraan Wan Qianwen: “Negara Chu dengan Wu maupun Yue pernah berperang beberapa kali. Ada kemungkinan Raja Chu kala itu menghadiahkan pedang tersebut kepada salah seorang pejabat tinggi kepercayaannya.”

Sementara itu sudut pandang lain beranggapan bahwa dari rol bambu (red.: zaman sebelum penemuan kertas menggunakan rol bambu sebagai media/buku tulis) yang tergali dari makam itu menunjukkan, sang jenazah ada kemungkinan bangsawan besar semasa zaman penguasa Chu Huaiwang yang bernama Shao Hua jadi kemungkinan pedang Goujian beralih ke Negara Chu melalui item hadiah pernikahan.

Sesuai catatan kitab sejarah kuno, hubungan kedua negara Chu dan Yue semenjak masa Yun Chang (penguasa Yue) sudah mulai akrab, mereka pernah bersekutu pada suatu periode, Chu Zhaowang si penguasa Chu pernah mempersunting putri Goujian sebagai selirnya dan telah melahirkan Chu Huiwang.

Oleh karena itu pedang perunggu canggih itu ada kemungkinan dijadikan sebagai salah satu item hadiah pernikahan putrinya dan dengan demikian telah berpindah tangan ke Negara Chu, kemudian penguasa Chu menghadiahkannya kepada Shao Hua. Setelah Shao Hua wafat, pedang tersebut ikut terkubur di dalam makamnya.

Tiga Sebab Pedang Tak Berkarat


Pedang Raja Yue Goujian telah melalui lorong waktu selama 2.000 tahun lebih, tapi sama sekali tidak menunjukkan tanda-tanda berkarat. Apakah penyebabnya ia tidak sampai berkarat? Para pakar beranggapan, hal itu terutama dimungkinkan oleh situasi dan kondisi pedang tersebut tersimpan.

Wan Qianwen menjelaskan, kandungan tembaga pedang Goujian sekitar 80-83%, kandungan timah 16-17%, selain itu juga terdapat sedikit kadar timbal dan besi. Tembaga sebagai bagian utama dari pedang perunggu itu adalah semacam logam yang non-aktif, pada situasi kondisi sehari-hari memang tidak mudah berkarat.

Kedua, kondisi luar situs pedang Goujian: Makam terbenam di bawah tanah sedalam beberapa meter, satu liang diisi 2 peti mati, dinding di sekeliling liang makam menggunakan semacam lumpur putih dengan kualitas halus padat, yang dinamakan dunia arkeologi sebagai plaster lumpur pasta putih, bagian bawahnya menggunakan lumpur pasta putih yang sudah dicuci dan disaring secara manual, daya rekatnya sangat baik.

Ditambah lagi bagian atas liang makam diisi dengan tanah yang padat, faktor-faktor itulah membuat makam tersebut nyaris menjadi sebuah ruang yang kedap udara, begitu banyak lapisan kedap yang pada dasarnya telah menyekat ruang makam dengan atmosfer dari luar ruangan. Penelitian iptek moderen menyatakan: di bawah kondisi total tersekat dari oksigen, meski di dalam cairan air biasa atau air asam, besi dan baja tidak akan berkarat.

Selain itu, makam Chu no.1 di Gunung Wang terletak di atas tanggul kering dari Sungai Zhang di dekat Kota Jinzhou moderen, level air bawah tanah agak tinggi, ruang makam dalam jangka waktu lama pernah pula terendam oleh air, sifat asam air bawah tanah tidak besar, pada dasarnya cenderung netral, terbukti dengan sejumlah besar peralatan/artefak kayu dengan dilapisi cat yang indah keadaan penyimpanannya agak baik. Sesudah terendam air bawah tanah, udara di dalam ruang makam juga menyusut banyak.

Mengenai pedang Goujian apakah masih sama tajamnya seperti pada saat digali keluar, Wan Qianwen menyatakan: “sesudah itu tidak pernah lagi dilakukan test semacam itu.”

TOP 10 GREATEST WARRIOR

Top 10 Greatest Warriors

10. Richard I (Lionheart)

Richard I was given the nickname Lionheart (or Coeur de Leon) for his exceptional fighting ability and courage. The duke of Normandy and the Count of Anjou, he ascended to the throne of England in 1198 after defeating his father Henry II with the help of his powerful mother Eleanor of Aquitaine. Richard took the cross in 1188 when he heard of Saladin’s successful conquest of Jerusalem. He raised funds by selling official titles, rights and lands to the highest noble bidder. He left for the Holy Land in 1190 along with French King Philip II and most of the military forces of Christendom. After being waylaid first in Sicily and then in Cyprus, Richard and Philip arrived in the Holy Land in June 1191. The joint forces first took Acre and then moved onto Arsuf before fortifying Ascalon. Arguments between who was to become King of Jerusalem escalated and Philip quit the Crusade and returned to France. Richard pressed on but when he realized he had no way of securing Jerusalem even if he had managed to capture it, he signed a peace treaty with Saladin and returned to Europe. He spent his final five years reclaiming his throne from his brother John and fighting against Philip’s advances into Normandy.

9. Spartacus

Born in Thrace in 109 BC, Spartacus is most widely known as the gladiator who led the revolt against Rome during the Gladiatorial War. It is not known for sure how Spartacus became a gladiator but the leading theory is that he once fought for the Roman army but deserted and became a thief. He was arrested and sold as a gladiator due to his strength. In 73 BC he and seventy followers escaped from a gladiator school near Capua and fled to Mount Vesuvius where they were joined by local slaves. His army continued to grow until it was 90, 000 men strong and they began wreaking havoc in southern Italy, defeating two Roman armies and plundering any city they came across. From there they marched north into Gaul where he tried to free his men but they refused to leave and they marched again into Italy for more plunder. Spartacus was killed in a battle at Lucania in 71 BC and his men were crucified. He has been remembered as a legendary commander not only for his successes in battle but for his own courage strength and compassion.

8. Saladin

Known to the western world as the antihero of the Third Crusade, he is revered in the Middle East as the hero who returned Jerusalem into Muslim hands. The Kurdish Sultan was born in 1138 in Mesopotamia (now Iraq) and grew up during the First Crusade. He was trained as a soldier by his uncle Asad al-Din Shirkuh and early in his military career he worked on uniting Arab forces under his control first in Egypt then in Syria and Palestine. He then set his sights on Jerusalem and conquered King Guy de Lusignan at the Battle of Hattin. The battle was a tremendous success for Saladin as his army almost wiped out the Crusaders in the Holy Land. The city of Jerusalem fell into his hands when he came to terms with Balian of Ibelin who defended the city after the capture of Guy. His capture of Jerusalem influenced King Richard of England to join forces with King Philip of France and set out for the Third Crusade to the Holy Land. The Christian forces made their way to Ascalon when Richard fell ill and signed a peace treaty with Saladin that left Jerusalem in Muslim hands as long as Christians would be able to safely make their pilgrimage. His reign of Jerusalem was short lived however as he died of a fever on March 4, 1193. Saladin is most often recognized as much for his generosity and chivalry as he is for his impressive military accomplishments.

7. Lieutenant Audie Murphy

Born the son of a poor Texas sharecropper in 1924, Audie went on to become the most decorated American soldier of World War II. In an attempt to free himself of his hardships, he joined the army as a private in 1942. After his basic training he was shipped to Casablanca, Morocco where he continued with his training. He saw action in North Africa, Sicily, France and Germany and was distinguished by his quick thinking and bravery. He not only destroyed several of the enemy’s machine guns in minutes but also jumped onto a burning tank destroyer and turned its machine gun on the enemy as well as cutting off a German counterattack of six tanks and 250 Infantry practically by himself. For these acts of courage he has received countless decorations including the Medal of Honor, Distinguished Service Cross, two Silver Stars, the Legion of Merit, two Bronze Stars, and three Purple Hearts; as well as the French Legion of Honor and two Croix de Guerre. He returned to America as a hero and turned his wartime fame into a successful film career. With help from his friends, Audie penned an autobiography entitled To Hell and Back, which was later made into a movie in which he played himself. While on a business trip he died in a plane crash on May 28, 1971 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with military honors.

6. Miyamoto Musashi

The greatest sword fighter of his time, Miyamoto Musashi, also known as the Sword Saint, is one of the best-known samurai in Japanese history. Born in 1584 in Harima Province, Musashi was raised by his uncle in Shoreian temple. By the time he was 13 he had already won his first duel against Arima Kigei, a student of the Shinto Ryu school of military arts. For the next 16 years he made a name for himself, fighting in more than 60 duels (including against the Yoshioka School and his most famous duel against Sasaki Kojiro) in which he was undefeated. During this time he also enlisted in Toyotomi Hideyoshi’s army and although he was on the losing side, he escaped, crawling among corpses and drinking from muddy puddles to survive. After the war, he turned his attention to teaching swordsmanship and he is credited with creating the nitoryu technique in which you fight with two swords. Later in his life, he became a master painter and writer. His most famous written work is The Book of Five Rings, which covers the sum of his experience as a sword fighter including strategy, tactics and philosophy. At the age of 62, Musashi died of thoracic cancer in Reigando Cave (the same cave where he lived as a hermit while writing The Book of Five Rings).

5. Gaius Julius Caesar

The greatest general in Rome’s history, Caesar came to power first as a quaestor and praetor before being elected as consul and proconsul in 59 BC and organizing the First Triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. He distinguished himself by leading campaigns in Gaul, Britain and Germany but his growing power scared the senate and he was asked to disband his forces. Not only did he refuse this request, he marched on Rome. He started an outbreak of civil war that lasted until December 49 BC when he held a dictatorship in Rome for eleven days while he was elected as consul. He then chased Pompey to Egypt where he remained living with Cleopatra for several years. On his return to Rome he improved the living conditions of his people and drew up elaborate plans for consolidation of the empire. In 44 BC he became dictator for life, a title that was short lived because on the Ides of March (March 15th) 44 BC, he was stabbed to death by a group of his friends and protégés including Cimber, Casca, Cassius and Brutus.

4. Hannibal Barca

A Carthaginian General, Hannibal was a master strategist who developed outflanking tactics. Dubbed the father of strategy by military historian Theodore Ayrault Dodge, he grew up with a fierce hatred of the Romans. After the death of his brother-in-law Hasdrubal, he took command of the Gaulo-Cathaginian army and set his sights on Rome. He set out in the spring of 218 BC and fought his way through the Pyrenees and the Alps with a force of 46,000 soldiers and 37 war elephants. When he was in Roman territory, he ravaged hundreds of towns leaving complete destruction in his wake. Some of his greatest victories were at Trebia, Lake Trasimenus and Cannae, even turning some Roman cities against his enemies. Scipio eventually defeated him in his homeland at the Battle of Zama, after which he signed a peace treaty in 201 BC. After several years as a suffete, he was accused by his political enemies of conspiring with King Antiochus of Syria. At the threat of a Roman investigation, Hannibal fled to the court of King Prusias of Bithynia where he poisoned himself before the Romans could force him to surrender.

3. Sun Tzu

A Chinese General, Sun Tzu was the author of the first and most sophisticated book on military theory ever written, The Art of War. While not much is known about the man, it is generally accepted that he was an accomplished General who served the King of Wu in the period of the Warring States in the 4th century BC. It was at this time that he wrote The Art of War, which covers logistics, espionage, strategy and tactics with a deep reliance on philosophy. The main points it stresses are the high cost of war, the unpredictability of battle, the correlation between political and military policies and the ineffectiveness of setting hard and fast rules. Not only has it influenced Asian military thinking for centuries, but it has also formed the base of the military strategies of Napoleon, Mao Zedong, General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. and Henry Kissinger. In more recent times, The Art of War has been adopted by business students in Tokyo, New York and London as a text on business strategy.

2. Leonidas I

Best known for his heroic last stand at the Battle of Thermopylae, Leonidas’ early years have barely been documented although legend has it that he was the descendant of Heracles. His reign began somewhere around 490 BC and he shared control with Leotychides, as was Spartan custom of the time. The Persian army, led by King Darius, had been conquering Greece for close to ten years when Leonidas became King. When Darius died in 481 BC his son Xerxes continued his father’s expansion into the Greek mainland. In an attempt to stop the advancing army in their tracks, Leonidas (despite warnings by the Oracle of Delphi that told of his death) went to meet Xerxes with 7000 troops including the famed 300 Spartans, at the Pass of Thermopylae (aptly nicknamed the Hot Gates). Xerxes sent in wave after wave of troops including his Immortals who were in turn slaughtered by the Greeks. After a few days of fighting a Greek traitor told Xerxes of a mountain trail which he could use to outflank his enemy. Leonidas learned of the betrayal and sent away most of his men keeping only the 300 Spartans that made up his personal guard. Leonidas’ 300 valiantly fought off the advancing Persians down to their last man. Leonidas was killed and his body was beheaded and crucified which only served to anger his fellow Spartans who expelled the Persians from Greece a few months later at the Battle of Plataea.

1. Alexander the Great

Arguably one of the greatest generals of antiquity, Alexander’s conquests extended the Macedonian kingdom from Greece to India, almost the entire known world at the time. Born in 356 BC his early years were spent under the tutelage of the philosopher Aristotle. His early military career was spent releasing Greece from the grasp of the Persians. From there he moved through Syria, Egypt (where he founded the city of Alexandria and visited the oracle of Ammon and claimed his divinity), and Asia Minor before his final conquest into India. He then returned to the west and began making preparations to invade Arabia but before he could achieve this conquest, he fell ill and died in June 323 BC. Throughout his reign, the casualties of his troops compared to those of his enemies were considerably less, mostly due to his quick tactical thinking and his love for the men who fought under him

NOBITA DI DUNIA NYATA

Nobita di Dunia Nyata

Bedanya, Nobita yang ini pinter gan dapet 100